GLP-1 medications have emerged as effective treatments for both weight loss and diabetes management. This article will provide an overview of GLP-1 medications, their mechanisms of action, and their roles in weight loss and diabetes management. Understanding how these medications work, and their potential benefits can empower patients to make informed decisions about their health, in consultation with their healthcare provider.
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications are a class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes and can aid in weight loss for patients who meet criteria for this medication. GLP-1 is a hormone that is naturally produced by the body (endogenous production) which helps regulate blood sugar levels and appetite. GLP-1 medications administered by a patient (exogenous source) will mimic the effects of the naturally produced hormone to achieve similar outcomes.
This class of medication works in several ways, including by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin plays a critical role in helping to stabilize blood sugar levels, and is especially important in the management of diabetes. GLP-1s also slow down stomach emptying, which can help control appetite and promote feelings of fullness/satiety. Additionally, GLP-1 medications reduce the secretion of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels.
While generally well-tolerated, GLP-1 medications may cause side effects, especially when first taking the medication or when a dose is increased. Side effects will usually stabilize over time, as one’s body adjusts to a new medication. More common side effects include:
It's essential to discuss any concerns or side effects with your healthcare provider, and weight the potential benefits of any any medication against the risk of side effects. Some side effects can be managed with medication or dose adjustments. Monitoring for hypoglycemia is usually of concern with patients taking another agent that can lower blood sugar, such as insulin or sulfonylureas.